Poster Presentation - Chemical Sciences 2018
Abel Martins Rodrigues
INIAV, Portugal
An experimental approach for liquefaction of biomasses from poplar short rotation coppices
Abel Martins Rodrigues(Biography)
Abel Martins Rodrigues holds a MsC in Mechanical Engineering (energy profile) and PhD in environmental engineering, both degrees obtained in Instituto Suprior Técnico of Lisboa, and is a researcher in Portuguese, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária for the last 34 years. His areas of research are now focused mainly in production of forest biomass for energy and in thermo-chemical biomass conversion technologies. He is author of a book “princÃpios fundamentais de physical ecology†(“fundamental principles of physical ecologyâ€) and author or co-author of about 40 research book chapters, articles and conference proceedings published in international and Portuguese journals
Abel Martins Rodrigues(Abstract)
Global renewable energy supply will increase along this century,aiming to improve the prospects of a green carbon light economy and to mitigate the atmospheric GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emissions. Biomass, is a renewable resource that, due to its local availablity and non intermittent condition, should be expected to play an prominent role. Woody short rotation coppices (SRCs), with forest species such as poplar or willow, are intensive cultivations designed to biomass production, and an open option with great potential to increase the supply of this renewable feedstock. But SRCs are not yet economically feasible, and in the countries where implementation at a commercial scale was done, public subsidies are required. Therefore, we proposed biomass liquefaction as a possible route for generation of valued added chemical products, so contributing to the economic feasibility of SRCs. The biomass liquefaction of poplar from SRCs, was performed at a lab scale reactor, under an acid catalysis with p-tolueno-sulfonic acid (3% wt to biomass weight), with a mixture of diethyleno glycol and 2-Ethylhexanol (1/3 wt to biomass weight) as a solvent. The reaction was performed at atmospferic pressure, and 160°C during 75 mins. Thereafter the mixture was cooled, filtered and washed with methanol, acetone and water. The remaing organic dark-browning liquid was dried under vacuum to give bio-oil. The conversion yield, hydroxil and acid numbers, and high heating value of biol-oil were determined and its chemical structure evaluated through ATR-FTIR (Attenuated total reflection- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) spectra. The conversion yield was 91% and the hydroxil and acid numbers were low, of respectivly 193 mg KOH/g and 2 mg KOH/g. The average HHV (heating value) was 35.2 MJ/kg. The hydroxil and acid numbers showed a good potential to the formulation of polyurethane foams and rigid foams and cotaings, respectively. The HHV of bio-oil, high comparatively to woody biomass, reflected its high potential for thermo-chemical conversion.
Ahmed Khalaf Aljohani
Newcastle University, UK
Synthesis of a series of benzodiazole analogues as potential anti tubercular agents
Ahmed Khalaf Aljohani(Biography)
Jon Sellars is a lecturer in medicinal chemistry at the school of pharmacy and the institute of cellular medicine at Newcastle University. He gained a PhD with Patrick Steel at Durham University investigating the utility of silacyclohex- 4- enes in organic synthesis. subsequent employment at sanofi-aventis in alwnick working on radio labelling active pharmaceutical ingredients was followed by a return to Durham University, to undertake a post doctoral position with Patrick Steel and Robert Edwards investigating multiple herbicide resistance in black grass (supported by syngenta). in 2010, he was awarded an epsrc life sciences interface fellowship to develop novel proteomic probes to study cytochrome p450’s. after completion, he undertook a teaching fellowship at Durham University where in 2015 was appointed to a lectureship in medicinal chemistry at the school of pharmacy. in august 2017 the school was transferred to Newcastle University resulting in the creation of the school of pharmacy.
Ahmed Khalaf Aljohani(Abstract)
Tuberculosis (TB) is recognized as a lethal bacterial infection that caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium. Tuberculosis (MtB). According to the World Health Organization in 2017, MtB is mainly found in developing countries such as India and South Africa. Consequently, an estimated 9.6 million people became ill from M. tuberculosis in 2014 with 1.5 million deaths, 27 % of which were complicated by co-morbid HIV.(1) However, the present day chemical synthesis could be used to produce a set of novel medicinal compounds that can selectively show bactericidal activity against Mycobacterium. Tuberculosis (MtB). The continued development of novel benzo-[2,1,3]-diazole molecules may be used to solve antitubercular resistance because multi-drug resistant bacteria are unaffected by front-line therapies including Isoniazid 1, Rifampicin 2, Ethambutol 3 and Pyrazinamde 4 . Figure 1: Front line treatments for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Background: In the past two decades, the synthesis of bioactive heterocyclic compound had a significant role in discovery of novel and active medicinal agents. The good example of heterocyclic compounds is benzimidazole moiety 5 (Figure 2) that has been widely used for synthesis of a large number of bioactive agents.Furthermore, any substitution of one or more heteroatoms and any change in any position within heterocyclic system can clearly influence on benzimidazole’s behaviors such as acidity, basicity, solubility and susceptibility to attack by electrophiles or nucleophiles. Finally, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of novel benzodiazole antitubercular agents is determined by using the resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) against four different types of Mycobacterium. Tuberculosis that are susceptible to Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamde and lead compound, respectively Project Aim: The aim of this study focuses on the continued synthesis of the novel benzodiazole antibacterial agents to undertake a SAR study. Synthesis of a series of benzodiazole as antibacterial agents: This will be achieved in two steps beginning with peptide bond coupling to give rise to hydrazide 7. Subsequent deprotection of 7 and coupling with benzodiazole 8 provides the final benzodiazole compounds 9 for biological screening. Additionally the hydrazides 7 will also be screened (Figure 3). Microbiological testing will be undertaken using a resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) or a Microtitre alama blue assay (MABA) to produce minimum inhibitory concentration values (MIC) for 7
Liudmila Tenkovskaia
Niigata University, Japan
Analysis of the catalytic mechanism of bifunctional
triterpene/sesquarterpene cyclase in onoceroid biosynthesis
Liudmila Tenkovskaia (Biography)
In 2006 Liudmila Tenkovskaia graduated from Far Eastern Federal University in Biotechnology, Russia. She was enrolled to doctoral program higher agricultural specialist program for the Russian Federation far East Graduate School of Science and Technology at Niigata University, October, 2015, Japan. The PhD major is life and food sciences. Liudmila is a 3rd year PhD student of bioorganic chemistry laboratory, department of applied biological chemistry. She is now processing her research work. the title of her research work is analysis of catalytic mechanism of bifunctional triterpene/sesquarterpene cyclase from bacillus megaterium. Her orientations are molecular biology, bioorganic chemistry and study of terpene biothynthesis.
Liudmila Tenkovskaia (Abstract)
The onoceroids are a group of triterpenes which are biosynthesized from squalene or (3S)-2,3-oxidosqualene by cyclization from both termini. The onoceroids are distributed among ferns, higher plants and animals. The functions of enzymes that are involved in onoceroid biosynthesis have attracted attention for a long time. Recently we discovered and identified a bifunctional triterpene/sesquaterpene cyclase (TC) from Bacillus megaterium, that forms a tetracyclic scaffold from tetraprenyl-β- curcumene (C35) substrate, but bicyclic from squalene (C30) in the first reaction. Afterward TC catalyzed the bicyclic intermediate as a substrate and converts it into tetracyclic and pentacyclic onoceroids in the second reaction. Here, we analyzed catalytic mechanism of a novel onoceroid synthase using mutated enzymes.The results suggested that the bulk size at Y167 position would be significant to terminate the cyclization of squalene at the bicyclic stage in onoceroid biosynthesis.
Hanen Bessaies
Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia
Preparation and application of LDH intercalated cellulose
nanocomposite for removal of arsenate and arsenite ions
Hanen Bessaies (Biography)
Hanen Bessaies is currently pursuing her PhD jointly in the department of chemistry, faculty of sciences of tunisia, Tunis El Manar University, tunisia and laboratory of green chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland. She has published few papers in high repute international journals.
Hanen Bessaies (Abstract)
The key objective of this present study is to compare two new materials Zn/Al Layered double hydroxide (LDH) intercalated cellulose (CL) nanocomposite (CL-Zn/Al LDH) and Ca/Al Layered double hydroxides (LDH) intercalated cellulose (CL) nanocomposite (CL-Ca/Al LDH) for removal of arsenic (V) and (III).The CL-Zn/Al LDH and CL-Ca/Al LDH were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Elemental analysis (EA), Brauner, Emmett and Teller method (BET), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman (RMN) spectrs. XRD (X-ray diffraction) analysis represented the crystalline nature of LDH nanocomposite and TEM analysis approved the formation of a sheet like structure of LDH for both sorbent. Various parameters including contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration and temperature were optimized to achieve maximum adsorption capacity. Adsorption kinetics results were analyzed using the pseudo first order, pseudo second order, intraparticles diffusion and the Boyd model. The adsorption isotherm results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of As(V) (36.46 mg/g on CL-Zn/Al LDH, 36.29 mg/g on CL-Ca/Al LDH) and As(III) (30.15 mg/g on CL-Zn/Al LDH, 10.91 mg/g on CL-Ca/Al LDH) ions with both sorbents as judged from the Langmuir and Frendlich (R2≥0.9) model. Thermodynamic studies for As(III) and As(V) over CL-Zn/Al LDH and CL-Ca/Al LDH illustrated that the process of dsorption is spontaneous. It could be motionned that Zn/Al Layered double hydroxide (LDH) intercalated cellulose (CL) nanocomposite is more effective for As(III) removal than CL-Ca/Al LDH nanocomposite.
Olalude C B
The Polytechnic Ibadan, Nigeria
Comparative study on the mineral composition of the peeled
and whole fruit of cucumber fruit using atomic absorption
spectrophotometer
Olalude C B (Biography)
Olalude C B is a professor from The Polytechnic Ibadan, Nigeria.
Olalude C B (Abstract)
Cucumber (cucumber sativus) belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae originated from South Asia. They are vegetable crop worldwide; cucumber is the fourth most important vegetable crop after tomato, cabbage and onion. They are generally grown in Caribbean, Malaysia, Indonesia, West African and tropics generally It is best grown in fertile, light well drained soil. Secret of growing crisp mild cucumber is to keep them growing rapidly. Slow growing cucumber becomes bitter and pithy. From India, the plant spread quickly to China and it was reportedly much appreciated by the ancient Greeks and Romans. The Romans used highly artificial methods of growing the cucumber when necessary to have it for the emperor Tiberius out of season. Botanically, the fruit is a false berry elongated and round triangular in shape. Its size, shape, and colour vary according to the cultivar. In the immature fruit, chlorophyll in the cells under the epidermis causes the fruits to be green, but upon maturity, it turns yellow to white. The epidermal layer may have proliferated areas, each bearing a spiky, the fruit cavity contains soft issue (placenta) in which the seeds are embedded.The cucumber fruit, like that of the cucurbitaceous, is noted for its high water content which is around 95% of it fresh weight. The objective of this is to investigate the comparative study on the mineral content composition of the peeled and whole portion of cucumber fruit. Also to determine the mineral contents in both the peeled and whole portion of cucumber fruits.
Yucheng Wang
Northumbria University, UK
CuO/graphene nano-flower catalyst for CO2 electro-chemical
reaction
Yucheng Wang(Biography)
Yucheng Wang is pursuing PhD in the department of mechanical and construction engineering, faculty of engineering and environment, Northumbria University, UK. His research is mostly focused on electrocatalysts and novel materials with particular applications in CO2 capture and reduction using electrochemical method.
Yucheng Wang(Abstract)
Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to low carbon organic compounds has been considered as a promising method to mitigate the greenhouse effect and produce useful energy carrying chemicals. However, the development of catalyst with high activity, selectivity, and good stability is still the bottleneck to accomplish this goal. Cu based catalysts have been reported to meet such requirement. In this work, we prepared CuO nano needle and CuO/ graphene nano-flower catalysts using polyol method. The catalyst was examined using XRD (X ray diffraction ), SEM/EDS (Scanning Electron Microscopy/ Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) and electrochemical testing methods etc. Results indicate that CuO/ graphene nano-flower exhibits a high catalytic activity for CO2 conversion to formate with a Faradaic efficiency of 60% (Nano needle) and 75% (Nano flower) under -1.1V vs SHE. We also will demonstrate membrane electrolyte assembly based device for CO2 electrochemical reduction. In where, the CuO/graphene nanoflower catalyst is coated on gas diffusion layer as the cathode.